Reconfigurando a dependência: América Latina na geopolítica da transição energética e dos minerais críticos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18472/SustDeb.v17n1.2026.60207Palavras-chave:
Transição energética, América Latina, Minerais críticos, Teoria da dependência, Economia Mundo, Relações centro-periferiaResumo
A transição energética é fundamental para enfrentar a crise climática, mas também fomenta novas tensões geopolíticas e territoriais. Como um dos principais fornecedores de minerais críticos para tecnologias renováveis, a América Latina ocupa uma posição estratégica, porém, limitada na economia mundial. Este estudo analisa a região sob a ótica da teoria da dependência, com foco na interação entre três polos globais: os Estados Unidos e a China — principais fabricantes de tecnologias limpas — e a América Latina, particularmente o Brasil, o Chile e o Peru, como grandes exportadores de minerais. Metodologicamente, o artigo adota uma abordagem analítica e interpretativa fundamentada na economia política crítica, baseada na reflexão teórica e na análise documental de fontes acadêmicas e institucionais. O estudo examina as implicações econômicas e ecológicas da transição, mostrando como as desigualdades estruturais persistem apesar da descarbonização. Os resultados indicam que a transição energética constitui uma reconfiguração — e não uma ruptura — das relações históricas de dependência, limitando, assim, as perspectivas da América Latina para uma maior autonomia na ordem geopolítica emergente.
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