Isolation of Soil Fungi Associated to the cultures of Blackberry, Raspberry and Blueberry in Brazilian Southern highland

Abstract

Soil microscopic fungi population is formed by several species that suffer alterations by many factors. Among these, it is possible to remark both soil management and soil chemical properties used on the establishment of the different cultures. However, it has been less effective when applied in some fruit species like blackberry and raspberry. This work aimed to get isolates of the most frequent soil fungi associated to the cultures of blackberry (Rubus sp.), raspberry (Rubus idaeaus) and blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) at integrated and conventional management, in an Oxisol, located in Vacaria, Southern of Brazil. Soil samples were obtained always in the morning, in four spots and four dates in June 2008 and March 2009. They were diluted until 10-3, placed within Petri dishes (9 cm diameter) containing PDA (potato-dextrose-agar) culture medium and antibiotic. Subsequently, they were submitted to incubation at 25ºC during 12 hours of photoperiod throughout seven days. The highest incidence isolated of fungi belong to the genus Penicillium sp and Aspergillus sp and antagonistic Clonostachys rosea and Trichoderma sp. The colonies identified morphologically were purified and compared quantitatively as for the management method that they had been plants submitted. The fungi Clonostachys rosea and Trichoderma sp. were isolated in four soils, in each of the three cultures conducted on the integrated management, and has not been isolated in soils conducted under conventional. Penicillium sp e Aspergillus sp. appeared constantly in soils of all cultures, regardless of management used.