El El boceto como método de investigación en diseño
Palabras clave:
Boceto en diseño, Investigación en diseño, Métodos visuales, Investigación de campo, Procesos creativos y analíticosResumen
Este artículo investiga el uso del boceto como método de investigación en diseño, destacando su capacidad para articular observación, análisis e imaginación en investigaciones de campo. Aunque tradicionalmente asociado con la síntesis creativa, el boceto se reubica como un dispositivo metodológico para la documentación, interpretación y generación de datos en el proyecto de diseño. A partir de una revisión de la literatura, se analizan experiencias pedagógicas que integraron el boceto a la práctica de la investigación en diseño. Los resultados indican que la flexibilidad y adaptabilidad del boceto permiten la creación de sistemas híbridos de representación que combinan elementos visuales, textuales y simbólicos, favorecen la producción colaborativa de datos y estimulan interpretaciones no lineales, evitando fijaciones prematuras de problemas complejos. Se concluye que la adopción del boceto en la enseñanza de la investigación en diseño potencia la agudeza observacional, la sensibilidad hacia los aspectos contextuales y la resolución de problemas, ampliando el repertorio metodológico y fortaleciendo la formación de diseñadores-investigadores preparados para contextos complejos y desafiantes.
Referencias
AL-KUMAIM, N. H.; HASSAN, S. H.; SHABBIR, M. S. Exploring the inescapable suffering among postgraduate researchers: information overload perceptions and implications for future research. Journal of Information and Knowledge Management, IGI Global, 2021.
ARFOUILLOUX, J. C. A entrevista com a criança: abordagem da criança através do diálogo, do brinquedo e do desenho. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar Editores, 1983.
ARNALL, T.; MARTINUSSEN, E. S. Depth of field: Discursive design research through film. FORMakademisk, v. 3, n. 1, 2010.
AZEVEDO, A.; RAMOS, M. J. Drawing Close. On Visual Engagements in Fieldwork, Drawing Workshops and the Anthropological Imagination. Visual Ethnography, 2016. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.12835/ve2016.1-0061.
BACK, L.; PUWAR, N. A Manifesto for Live Methods: Provocations and Capacities. The Sociological Review, v. 60, n. 1_suppl, p. 6-17, 2012. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2012.02114.x.
BATISTA, M. A. H. The Ontology of Design Research. New York: Routledge, 2021.
BAWDEN, D.; ROBINSON, L. Information overload: An introduction. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics, 2020.
BECKER, R.; MARTINS JUNIOR, L.; VOOS, J. B. A. O desenho como expressão das crianças: a experiência de ser criança e de ser aluno. Roteiro, v. 46, p. e24273, 2021.
BONSIEPE, G. The uneasy relationship between design and design research. In: MICHEL, R. (Org.). Design research now: essays and selected projects. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2007. p. 25-39.
BUCHANAN, R. Design research and the new learning. Design Issues, v. 17, n. 4, p. 3-23, 2001.
BUXTON, B. Sketching user experiences: Getting the design right and the right design. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann, 2007.
CAUSEY, A. Drawn to see: Drawing as an ethnographic method. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017.
CRAFT, B.; CAIRNS, P. Sketching Sketching: Outlines of a Collaborative Design Method. In: BRITISH HCI GROUP ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON PEOPLE AND COMPUTERS, 23., 2009, Cambridge. Anais [...]. Swinton: British Computer Society, 2009. p. 65–72.
CROSS, N. The automated architect. Viking Penguin, 1977.
CROSS, N. Descriptive models of creative design: Application to an example. Design Studies, v. 18, n. 4, p. 427-455, 1997.
CROSS, N. Designerly ways of knowing. London: Springer-Verlag, 2006.
FELEKE, T. Exploring the role of experimental research photography in architectural design research. 2024.
FERGUSON, E. S. Engineering and the Mind's Eye. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994.
FRAYLING, C. Research in art and design. Royal College of Art research papers, v. 1, p. 1–5, 1993.
GOBBI, M. A. Desenho infantil e oralidade: instrumentos de pesquisa com crianças pequenas. In: DEMARTINI, Z.; PRADO, P. D.; FARIA, A. L. (Org.). Por uma cultura da infância: por uma metodologia de pesquisa com crianças. Campinas: Autores Associados, 2002.
GOEL, V. Sketches of thought. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995.
GOLOMB, C. The Creation of Imaginary Worlds: The Role of Art, Magic and Dreams in Child Development. Londres: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2011.
HALD, L. Photographic design anthropology: becoming through diffractive image-making and entangled visions in a Copenhagen immigrant youth context. 2018. Tese (Doutorado em Antropologia do Design) - The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Schools of Architecture, Design & Conservation, Copenhague, 2018.
HAN, J. et al. Three driven approaches to combinational creativity: problem-, similarity- and inspiration-driven. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, v. 233, n. 2, p. 373–384, 2019.
HEATH, S.; CHAPMAN, L.; THE MORGAN CENTRE SKETCHERS. Observational sketching as method. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, v. 21, n. 6, p. 713–728, 2018.
HELLER, K-A. Ability and creativity: Their role in science and technology. Journal of Gifted/Talented Education, v. 3, n. 1, p. 37-77, 1994.
HUA, M. The Roles of Sketching in Supporting Creative Design. The Design Journal, v. 22, n. 6, p. 895–904, 2019.
HUA, M. et al. Towards a comprehensive understanding of design sketch-a literature review of design sketch taxonomy and considerations for future research. Idealogy Journal, v. 3, n. 3, p. 261–277, 2018.
INGS, W. Enstasy: Immersive drawings as a design process. In: BRANDT, E. et al. (Org.). Nordic Design Research Conference: Experiments in design research. Copenhague; Malmö, 2013. p. 119-126. Disponível em: http://www.nordes.org/nordes2013/pictures/Nordes2013Proceedings.pdf.
KARASTI, H. et al. Visualizing Devices for Configuring Complex Phenomena in-the-Making. Science and Technology Studies, v. 34, n. 3, p. 55-77, 2021.
KOULIDOU, N. et al. Drawing on experiences of self: Dialogical sketching. In: ACM DESIGNING INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, 2020. Anais [...]. ACM, 2020. p. 255-267.
LAWSON, B. How designers think: The design process demystified. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2006.
LAWSON, B. What designers know. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2004.
LEITE, M. I. F. P. O que e como desenham as crianças? Refletindo sobre condições de produção cultural da infância. 2001. 118 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação, Sociedade e Cultura) – Faculdade de Educação, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2001.
LIU, S-Y.; BARDZELL, J.; BARDZELL, S. Photography as a design research tool into natureculture. In: DESIGNING INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS CONFERENCE, 2018, Hong Kong. Proceedings [...]. 2018. p. 777-789.
MÄKELÄ, M.; NIMKULRAT, N.; HEIKKINEN, T. Drawing as a research tool: Making and understanding in art and design. Studies in Material Thinking, v. 10, 2014. Disponível em: .
MARGOLIN, V. Doctoral education in design: problems and prospects. Design Issues, v. 26, n. 3, p. 70-78, 2010.
NICOLAIDES, K. The Natural Way to Draw. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1969.
OLOFSSON, E.; SJÖLÉN, K. Design sketching: including an extensive collection of inspiring sketches by 24 students at the Umeå Institute of Design. 1. ed. Sundsvall: KEEOS Design Books, 2005.
PEI, E. Building a common language of design representations for industrial designers & engineering designers. 2009. Tese (Doutorado) – Loughborough University, Loughborough, 2009. Disponível em: https://hdl.handle.net/2134/5432.
PEI, E.; CAMPBELL, I.; EVANS, M. A Taxonomic Classification of Visual Design Representations Used by Industrial Designers and Engineering Designers. The Design Journal, v. 14, n. 1, p. 64–91, 2011.
PEI, E.; SELF, J. A. Product design and the role of representation: foundations for design thinking in practice. CRC Press, 2022.
ROSENMAN, M.; GERO, J. Creativity in design using a design prototype approach. In: GERO, J.; MAHER, M. L. (Eds.). Modeling creativity and knowledge-based creative design. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1993. p. 111-138.
SANOFF, H. Visual research methods in design. Routledge, 2016. (Routledge Revivals).
SCHEYVENS, R. (Ed.). Development fieldwork: A practical guide. Sage, 2014.
SCHÖN, D. The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books, 1983.
SOUKUP, M. Photography and drawing in anthropology. Slovenský národopis, v. 62, n. 4, p. 534-546, 2014.
STAR, S. L.; GRIESEMER, J. R. Institutional Ecology, “Translations” and Boundary Objects: Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Social Studies of Science, v. 19, n. 3, p. 387-420, 1989.
ULLMAN, D. G.; DIETTERICH, T. G.; STAUFFER, L. A. A model of the mechanical design process based on empirical data. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, v. 2, n. 1, p. 33-52, 1988. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0890060400000536.
VAN AKEN, K. L. The critical role of creativity in research. MRS Bulletin, v. 41, p. 934–938, 2016.
VAN DER LUGT, R. How sketching can affect the idea generation process in design group meetings. Design Studies, v. 26, n. 2, p. 101-122, 2005.
WALL, A. J. Comparison of Video Ethnographic Modes for Design Research. 2013. Tese (Doutorado) – Auburn University, Auburn, 2013.
WYCHE, S. P.; GRINTER, R. E. Using sketching to support design research in new ways: a case study investigating design and charismatic pentecostalism in São Paulo, Brazil. In: iCONFERENCE, 2012. Proceedings. New York: ACM, 2012. p. 63–71.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Revista de Design, Tecnologia e Sociedade
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y conceden a la revista el derecho de la primera publicación de la obra, al mismo tiempo licenciado bajo la Licencia Creative que permite compartir el trabajo con el reconocimiento de la autoría y de la publicación inicial en esta revista.
