Organização comunitária da resposta ao desastre de derramamento de petróleo de 2019 em territórios de pesca artesanal na Bahia, Brasil

Autores

  • Frances Sentilles MSPH in Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  • Louise O. R. Machado PhD in in Public Health, Institute of Public Health Studies Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • Rita de Cássia Franco Rêgo Full Professor, Post-Graduate Program in Health, Environment, and Labor, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18472/SustDeb.v16n2.2025.58154

Palavras-chave:

Derramamento de petróleo, Pesca de pequena escala, Resposta a desastres, Preparação para desastres, Organização comunitária

Resumo

O derramamento de petróleo ocorrido no Nordeste do Brasil em 2019 representa uma oportunidade para observar a capacidade de resposta a desastres de comunidades pesqueiras artesanais e identificar caminhos para fortalecer sua resiliência. Diante da resposta tardia e desarticulada do governo federal, muitas comunidades se organizaram para realizar ações de limpeza e outras iniciativas. Um estudo de métodos mistos, incluindo um questionário e entrevistas semiestruturadas, foi realizad o com pescadores artesanais residentes em dois municípios da Bahia para analisar a resposta ao desastre. 66,1% (111 de 168) dos respondentes do questionário participaram das ações de limpeza, com maior participação na comunidade que contava com mais associações de pescadores e maior apoio governamental. A rápida mobilização desses esforços voluntários foi um indicativo positivo de resiliência, embora a participação dos(as) pescadores(as) os(as) exponha a riscos à saúde. A gestão de riscos, o acesso a materiais e a alfabetização em emergências mostraram-se como pontos fracos na resposta ao desastre. Embora a atuação e a responsabilidade governamentais sejam essenciais em situações agudas, parcerias com comunidades pesqueiras podem contribuir para aumentar a resiliência diante de desastres, devido às suas estruturas organizativas preexistentes e à disposição já demonstrada para atuar voluntariamente como primeiros respondentes

Biografia do Autor

  • Frances Sentilles, MSPH in Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States

    Doctoral student in epidemiology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Master’s of Science in Public Health in Environmental Sciences and Engineering from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Bachelor’s of Science in Public Health in Environmental Health Sciences from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Member of the Health, Environment, Work, and Sustainability in Communities Research Group (UFBA/Public Health). Works on documenting human exposures to environmental contaminants in artisanal fishing communities along Brazil’s coast.

  • Louise O. R. Machado, PhD in in Public Health, Institute of Public Health Studies Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    PhD in Public Health from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Master’s in Health, Environment, and Work from the Federal University of Bahia; Bachelor’s in Social Work from the Federal University of Bahia. Member of the Health, Environment, Work, and Sustainability in Communities Research Group (UFBA/Public Health). Works on projects in artisanal fishing communities along the northeastern coast of Brazil and in the area ofevaluating the implementation of strategies with populations exposed to environmental contamination and post-disaster exposure processes.

  • Rita de Cássia Franco Rêgo, Full Professor, Post-Graduate Program in Health, Environment, and Labor, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil

    M.D. from the Federal University of Bahia, MPH in Public Health - Epidemiology, PhD in Public Health – Epidemiology; Researcher and Professor, Post-Graduate Program in Health, Environment, and Labor, School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia; Full Professor at the Medical School at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBa); Independent External Consultant.Leader of the CNPq Research Group on Health, Environment, Work, and Sustainability in Communities. Coordinates projects assessing the impacts of environmental and occupational exposures in vulnerable communities.

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2025-08-30

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Organização comunitária da resposta ao desastre de derramamento de petróleo de 2019 em territórios de pesca artesanal na Bahia, Brasil. (2025). Sustainability in Debate, 16(2), 173-190. https://doi.org/10.18472/SustDeb.v16n2.2025.58154

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