O Desenho da Figura Humana na Ilha da Madeira:: Evidências de Validade

Margarida Pocinho; Solange Muglia Wechsler; Georgina Neves

doi:10.1590/0102.3772e41301.en

Authors

Margarida Pocinho Universidade da Madeira, Madeira, Portugal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-7143
Solange Muglia Wechsler Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas, SP,Brasil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9757-9113
Georgina Neves Universidade da Madeira, Madeira, Portugal https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8291-4837

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102.3772e41301.en%20

Keywords:

drawing, human figure, validity

Abstract

Human figure drawing (HFD) is one of the most widely tests used to assess children's intellectual development. This study investigated the evidence of the validity and reliability of HFD for children in Madeira using Wechsler`s scoring system. The sample included 489 children (49% girls), 5-13 years old, from schools in the 1st and 2nd cycles of the education system. The instruments were: HFD, Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM) test, and school grades (Portuguese and Mathematics). There were differences by age, gender, and the figure drawn. The correlations between HFD, CPM, and school grades were significant. Reliability was satisfactory (>0.80). In conclusion, the Wechsler’s scoring system for HFD has evidence of validity and reliability for children in Madeira indicating the possibility of its use after obtaining Portuguese norms.

References

Arteche, A., & Bandeira, D. (2006). O desenho da figura humana: Revisando mais de um século de controvérsias, Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación - e Avaliação Psicológica, 2(22), 133-155. Available at http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=459645449008

http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=459645449008

Bandeira, D., Costa, A., & Arteche, A. (2008). Estudo de validade do DFH como medida de desenvolvimento infantil [Study of the validity of DFH as a measure of child development]. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 21(2), 332 -337. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722008000200020

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722008000200020

Benson, N. F., Floyd, R. G., Kranzler, J. H., Eckert, T. L., Feffers, S. A., & Morgan, G. B. (2019). Test use and assessment practices of school psychologists in the United States: Findings from the 2017 National Survey. Journal of School Psychology, 72, 29-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2018.12.004

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2018.12.004

Goodenough, F. (1964). Testing of children's intelligence through the drawing of the human figure Paidós.

Harris, D. B. (1963). Children’s drawings as measure of intellectual maturity Brace & World.

Hutz, C. S. & Bandeira, D. B. (2000). O desenho da figura humana [The drawing of the human figure]. In Cunha, J. A. (Ed.). Psicodiagnóstico-V (pp. 507-513). Artes Médicas.

Koppitz, E. M. (1984). Psychological evaluation of human figure drawing by middle-school pupils Grune & Stratton.

Meerbeke, A. V., Sandoval-Garcia, C., Ibáñez, M., Talero-Gutiérrez, C., Fiallo, D., & Halliday, K. (2011). Validation study of human figure drawing test in a Colombian school children population. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 14(1), 464-477. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2011.v14.n1.42

https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2011.v14.n1.42

Nakano, T. C. (2012). Criatividade e inteligência em crianças: Habilidades relacionadas? [Creativity and Intelligence in Children: Related Skills?] Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa 28(2), 149-159. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722012000200003

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722012000200003

Nakano, T. C., & Wechsler, S. M. (2012). Criatividade: definições, modelos e formas de avaliação. In C. S. Hutz (Org.), Avanços em avaliação psicológica e neuropsicológica de crianças e adolescentes II (pp.327-361). Casa do Psicólogo.

Nunes, M.L.T., Teixeira, R.P., Feil, C., & Paniagua, R. (2012). O desenho da figura humana: uma perspectiva histórica [The drawing of the human figure: a historical perspective]. In S.M., Wechsler & T.C., Nakano (Eds.), O desenho infantil: forma de expressão cognitiva, criativa e emocional [Children's drawing: a form of cognitive, creative and emotional expression] (pp. 15-31). Casa do Psicólogo.

Oakland, T., Douglas, S., & Kane, H. (2016). Top ten standardized tests used internationally with children and by school psychologists in 64 countries: a 24-year follow-up study. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 34(2), 1-11. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0734282915595303

https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0734282915595303

Oliveira, K. S., Nakano, T. C., & Wechsler, S. M. (2015). Desenho da Figura Humana: Estratégia de avaliação de aspectos cognitivos, emocionais, de personalidade e criativos [Human Figure Drawing: Strategy for assessing cognitive, emotional, personality and creative aspects.] In M. C. R., Silva, J. M., Montiel., G. A., Flamengui Jr., & D., Bartholomeu (Eds.), Técnicas Gráficas: aplicadas à Educação e à Saúde [Graphic Techniques: applied to Education and Health], (pp. 84-11). Memnon Edições Científicas.

Oliveira, K. S., & Wechsler, S. M. (2016). Indicadores de criatividade no desenho da figura humana [Indicators of creativity in the drawing of the human figure]. Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, 36(1), 6-19. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-3703001682014

https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-3703001682014

Piotrowski, Chris. (2016). Drawing Techniques in Assessment: A Summary Review of 60 Survey-based Studies of Training and Professional Settings. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology 42. 219-235. At https://jiaap.in/drawing-techniques-in-assessment-a-summary-review-of-60-survey-based-studies-of-training-and-professional-settings-2/

https://jiaap.in/drawing-techniques-in-assessment-a-summary-review-of-60-survey-based-studies-of-training-and-professional-settings-2/

Raven, J., Raven, J., & Court, H. (2009). MPCR, Matrizes Progressivas (forma paralela) [Colored Progressive Matrices (parallel form)] Cegoc.TEA

Rueda, F. J., Noronha, A. P., Santos, A. A., Jesuino, A. D. S. A., Zuanazzi, A. C., Ferraz, A. S., Costa, A. R., & Otoni, F. (2020). Desenho da Figura Humana: Sistemas mais utilizados na avaliação cognitiva de crianças [Human Figure Drawing: Systems most used in the cognitive assessment of children]. Psico., 51(1), 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2020.1.31313

http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2020.1.31313

Short De Graff, M. A., Slansky, L., & Diamond, K. E. (1989). Validity of preschoolers’self-drawings as an index of human figure drawing performance. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 9(5), 305-315. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F153944928900900504

https://doi.org/10.1177%2F153944928900900504

Sisto, F. F. (2005). O desenho da figura humana-Escala Sisto [The drawing of the human figure-Sisto Scale] Vetor Editora.

Suehiro, A. C., Benfica, T. S. & Cardim, N. A. (2015). Avaliação cognitiva infantil nos periódicos científicos brasileiros [Children's cognitive assessment in Brazilian scientific journals]. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 31(1), 25-3.

Wechsler, S. M. (1996). O desenho da figura humana: avaliação do desenvolvimento cognitivo infantil - Manual para crianças brasileiras [The drawing of the human figure: assessment of children's cognitive development - Manual for Brazilian children] Editora Psy.

Wechsler, S. M. (2000). O desenho da figura humana: avaliação do desenvolvimento cognitivo infantil. 2ª. edição revisada e ampliada [The drawing of the human figure: assessment of children's cognitive development. 2nd. revised and expanded edition] Editora Livro Pleno.

Wechsler, S. M. (2003). DFH-III.O desenho da figura humana: avaliação do desenvolvimento cognitivo de crianças brasileiras 3ª. edição ampliada e atualizada [The drawing of the human figure: evaluation of the cognitive development of Brazilian children 3rd. Expanded and updated edition]. Laser graphics.

Wechsler, S. M., Martinez, C. M., & Comparini, I. P. (2018). O desenho da figura humana: avaliação cognitiva e criativa infantil [The drawing of the human figure: children's cognitive and creative assessment]. In C.S., Hutz, D.R., Bandeira, & C.M., Trentini (Eds), Avaliação da inteligência e da personalidade [Assessment of intelligence and personality] (pp.123-133). ArtMed.

Wechsler, S. M., & Schelini, P. W. (2006). Bateria de Habilidades Cognitivas Woodcock Johnson III: validade de construto [WoodcockJohnson III Cognitive Skills Battery: construct validity]. Psicologia, Teoria e Pesquisa, 22, 287-29. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722006000300005

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722006000300005