Brasilia and Chandigarh: modernist utopia and reality

Abstract

This article analyzes the cities of Brasília, in Brazil, and Chandigarh, in India, both considered icons of modernist urbanism in the 20th century. Based on their historical contexts, design guidelines, and principles of the Athens Charter, it seeks to understand how these planned capitals are characterized as urban utopias and how they confronted the social, cultural, and economic realities of their respective countries. Aspects of monumentality, urban landscape, and legacy are discussed, including a critical perception of their achievements and limitations. The research shows that, despite criticism, Brasília and Chandigarh remain global references for modernist urbanism.