RURAL-URBAN LINKAGES: PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26512/2236-56562002e39686Palavras-chave:
relações rural-urbano, sustentabilidade, globalizaçãoResumo
Esse artigo examina a recente evidencia observadas em vários países da América Latina, Ásia e África sobre a intensidade das relações entre as áreas urbanas e rurais. Uma compreensão de como as relações operam em diferentes contextos e como são moldadas pelos fatores como as políticas econômicas, medidas administrativas e planejamento regulador são importantes, como esses têm um efeito sobre a subsistência empresarial e privada dos mais pobres e mais vulneráveis. Com o emprego de ilustrações, o artigo elucida os problemas e oportunidades que vêem a partir dos processos de mudanças, entre outros, crescimento urbano, migração e fluxo de serviços e (incluindo dejetos sólidos e líquidos).
Referências
Allen, Adriana and Dávila, Julio (eds.) (2002). “Mind the Gap: Bridging the Rural-Urban Divide”. Insights No. 41, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton, UK (available from www.id21.org/insights/insights41/index.html).
Allen, Adriana and Nicholas You et al. (2002). Sustainable Urbanisation. Bridging the Gap between the Green and Brown Agendas. Un-Habitat, DFID and Development Planning Unit, London.
Birley, Martin and Lock, Karen (1998). “Health and peri-urban natural resource production”. Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 89-106.
Brook, Robert and Dávila, Julio (eds.) (2001). The Peri-Urban Interface: A Tale of Two Cities. School of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Wales and Development Planning Unit, University College London, UK.
Cardona, Ramiro (ed.) (1976). Las Migraciones Internas. Editorial Andes, Bogotá.
Chant, Sylvia, (1998). “Households, gender and rural-urban migration: Reflections on linkages and considerations for policy”. Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 5-21.
DFID (2001), Poverty: Bridging the Gap. Guidance Notes. UK Government Department for International Development, London.
Douglass, Michael (1998). “A regional network strategy for reciprocal rural-urban linkages: An agenda for policy research with reference to Indonesia”. Third World Planning Review, Vol. 20, No.1, pp.1-33.
Epstein, T. Scarlett and Jezeph, David, “Development – There is another way: A ruralurban partnership development paradigm”, World Development, Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 1443-1445.
Gough, Katherine (1999). “The changing nature of urban governance in peri-urban Accra, Ghana”. Third World Planning Review, Vol.21, No.4, pp. 393-410.
GRAD (2001), “Potentialités et conflits en milieu peri-urbain: Le cas de Bamako au Mali”. Rural Urban Interactions and Livelihood Strategies Working Paper Series No. 5, IIED, London.
Graziano da Silva, José and Mauro E. Del Grossi, (2001). “Rural nonfarm employment and incomes in Brazil: Patterns and evolution”. Development, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 443- 453.
Harris, N. (2001). “Globalisation and the Management of Cities”. Paper presented at OECD Seminar on Spatial Development Policies and Territorial Governance in an Era of Globalisation and Localisation, 10-11 April (mimeo).
Kelly, Phillip (1998). “The politics of urban-rural relations: Land use conversion in the Philippines”. Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 35-54.
Krüger, Fred (1998). “Taking advantage of rural assets as a coping strategy for the urban poor: The case of rural-urban interrelations in Botswana”. Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 119-134.
Lacabana, Miguel with Cariola, Cecilia (9-10 November 2001). “Household livelihood strategies and social heterogeneity in the Caracas peri-urban interface”. Paper prepared for the Conference Rural-Urban Encounters: Managing the Environment of the Peri-Urban Interface, Development Planning Unit, University College London, London.
Lipton, Michael (1977). Why Poor People Stay Poor: Urban Bias in World Development. Temple Smith, London.
Madaleno, Isabel Maria, Gurovich, Alberto and Gladys Armijo (2002). “La interfase urbano-rural, idealidades y proyectos. Acerca de los casos de Lisboa, Portugal y Santiago de Chile”. Urban Agriculture Notes, City Farmer (www.cityfarmer.org/ Chile.html#chile).
Maxwell, Daniel et al. (1998). “Farming in the shadow of the city: Changes in land rights and livelihoods in peri-urban Accra”. Cities Feeding People Report Series No. 23 (available from www.idrc.ca/cfp).
McGregor, Duncan, Simon, David and Thompson, Donald (9-10 November 2001). “Periurban water quality and supply: Changing circumstances and practical interventions in Kumasi, Ghana”. Paper prepared for the Conference Rural-Urban Encounters: Managing the Environment of the Peri-Urban Interface, Development Planning Unit, University College London, London.
Natural Resources Institute and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (1997). “Kumasi Natural Resources Management Research Project. Unpublished Inception Report”, NRI-University of Greenwich, UK.
Nel.lo, Oriol (1998). “Los confines de la ciudad sin confines. Estructura urbana y límites administrativos de la ciudad difusa”, in Monclús, Francisco Javier (ed.), La Ciudad Dispersa, Centre de Cultura Contemporània, Barcelona, pp. 35-57.
Okali, David, Janice Olawoye and Enoch Okpara (2001). “The case of Aba and its region, south-east Nigeria”. Rural Urban Interactions and Livelihood Strategies Working Paper Series No. 3, IIED, London.
Pirez, Pedro (2002). “Buenos Aires: Fragmentation and privatization of the metropolitan city”. Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 145-158.
Reardon, Thomas, Julio Berdegué and Germán Escobar (2001). “Rural nonfarm employmen and incomes in Latin America: Overview and policy implications”. World Development, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 395-409.
Rees, William (1992). “Ecological footprints and appropriate carrying capacity: what urban economics leaves out”. Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 121- 130.
Santos, Boaventura de Sousa (ed.) (2002)., Democratizar a Democracia. Os Caminhos da Democracia Participativa. Civilização Brasileira, Rio de Janeiro.
Tacoli, Cecilia, (9-10 November 2001). “Livelihood impacts and strategies in the periurban interface: mapping out the issues”. Paper prepared for the Conference Rural- Urban Encounters: Managing the Environment of the Peri-Urban Interface, Development Planning Unit, University College London, London.
Tacoli, Cecilia (1999). “Understanding the opportunities and constraints for low-income groups in the peri-urban interface: the contribution of the livelihood frameworks”. Paper produced for the research project on Strategic Environmental Planning and Management for the Peri-urban Interface, Development Planning Unit, University College London (available from www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu/pui).
UNCHS (2001), Cities in a Globalizing World: Global Report on Human Settlements. Earthscan, London.
Universities of Birmingham, Nottingham and Wales (1998). “Baseline Study and Introductory Workshop for Hubli-Dharwad City-region, Karnataka”. Unpublished final technical report, volume 1, DFID Peri-Urban Interface Production Systems Research.
Wiggins, Steve and Georgina Holt (2000). “Researchable constraints to the use of forest and tree resources by poor urban and peri-urban households in developing countries”. Unpublished report to DFID’s Renewable Natural Resources Knowledge Strategy, Department of Agricultural and Food Economics, University of Reading, UK
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
