From Fiber to Sustainability
Legal and Regulatory Challenges in Green Telecom Deployment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26512/lstr.v18i2.60307Palabras clave:
Sustainability. Regulation. Telecommunications. Governance. Infrastructure.Resumen
[Purpose] The paper explores trends in the legal and regulatory landscape in respect of sustainable telecommunications infrastructure and the nexus between environmental sustainability and digital transformation. It analyzes critically the role of modern domestic and international legal systems on the environmental effects of telecommunications deployment, namely energy use, e-waste disposal, and spatial issues due to network expansion. Moreover, the research aims to suggest normative and institutional directions that harmonize the fast rate of technological advancement with the ecological sustainability, therefore, informing the formation of the telecommunication industry in line with the rules of environmental justice and green digital transformation.
[Methodology/approach/design] The study uses a doctrinal and comparative legal approach, which examines the legislation, regulatory policies, and judicial cases in the chosen jurisdictions, i.e., India, Brazil, the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union. It uses a multidisciplinary approach which incorporates environmental law, administrative governance, and infrastructure regulation to determine inconsistencies in the policies, enforcement discrepancies, and institutional issues. The approach points to the interaction between soft law and hard law tools and explores their usefulness in contributing to the environmental performance and compliance behaviour of telecommunication companies.
[Findings] The paper concludes that despite the speeding up of regulatory regimes to enforce the sustainability requirements, they have limitations due to inefficiency in the operation processes, jurisdictional issue, and the dynamic nature of technology. Jurisdictions are better placed with a hybrid approach of combining both rules approach and incentive based (i.e. renewable energy regulations, tax credit, and carbon reporting requirements) as it has a higher chance of realizing regulatory integrity and quantifiable environmental results. The findings suggest the need to establish a balanced combination of the connectivity imperatives and environmental imperatives using adaptive regulation based on the concept of precaution, proportionality, and accountability.
[Practical implications] The article suggests integration of sustainability conditions in telecom licencing, setting and confirmation of emissions reduction levels and promotion of the green innovations by means of public-privatised partnerships. It offers applicable insights to the policymakers, government, and industry players aiming to achieve the best balance between telecom growth and environmental sustainability.
[Originality/value] This paper continues to contribute to the emerging literature on the green network governance, since it unites the mutually depending concepts of environmental jurisprudence and telecommunications law, thus bringing promising comparative analysis of sustainable net architecture development.
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